Menstrual cramps, scientifically known as dysmenorrhea, occur when the uterus contracts to shed its lining. This process is aided by hormones called prostaglandins, which increase during menstruation. As a consequence, many women experience cramps in the abdomen, lower back, and even thighs. The intensity of these pains can vary from mild discomfort to debilitating agony, influencing daily activities and overall quality of life.