This work was supported by SECyT-UNC Consolidar tipo I [2018-2021] and FONCyT, Argentina [grant number 0821-2014]. MVV holded a EVC-CIN scholarship from SECyT UNC. AM, MFPP AND MFC hold CONICET, FONCyT and SECyT scholarships respectively, and MJS, AZ, VA, MFP and MCB are career members of CONICET.
Moreover, a 2019 study noted that food-grade titanium dioxide was larger and not nanoparticles. Hence, the authors concluded that any titanium dioxide in food is absorbed poorly, posing no risk to human health (3Trusted Source).
The lack of clear regulations and controls explains that P25TiO2NPs are still found in many of the commercialized sunscreens in the market. Some of them are coated to reduce the photoactivity of the anatase form, which is known to be responsible for tissue damage, but not enough studies were made on these coated forms. The anatase photoactivity could trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as it was stated before. The ROS are chemically reactive species containing oxygen, such as peroxides, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, and singlet oxygen. They are regularly produced in the biological milieu and counterbalanced by physiological antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, an abrupt increase of ROS may result in non-reversible damage to the skin cells. The effects of coated and uncoated P25TiO2NPs need therefore to be studied, and articles on this topic present different conclusions. [11], [12], [13] Recent literature on this topic found that TiO2NPs inhalation provokes serious genotoxicity and DNA damage [14], [15], [16], [17]. On the other hand, some studies in rats have reported no significant harm to genetic material [18], [19], [20], [21], [22].
The agency makes this exception for several approved color additives.
The versatility of lithopone extends to various rubber applications, including automotive parts, flooring materials, shoes, and medical devices. Each of these sectors demands high performance and reliability, and lithopone helps meet those expectations by delivering both esthetic and functional enhancements. White Titanium Dioxide Pigment Factory A Pillar of Modern Industrial ProductionTypically, this mineral is produced in two forms. The primary type is pigment-grade titanium dioxide, which utilizes its pigment to provide a look of sensitivity and brightness.
Some consumer advocacy groups and health agencies — particularly, those at the Environmental Working Group — have been pushing federal officers at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to reconsider their existing rules on the additive, which is commonly found in processed snacks and sweets.
From studies deemed relevant, the experts found that titanium dioxide as a food additive is poorly absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of mice and rats, with no adverse effects observed in short-term studies in rodents receiving titanium dioxide in their diets. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) of 15,000 milligrams per kilogram of bodyweight (mg/kg BW) per day and 5,000 mg/kg BW per day—the highest doses tested—were established for mice and rats, respectively.
Because of health risks, France banned titanium dioxide as a food additive in 2020. Two years later the European Union also banned titanium dioxide as a food additive.
Lithopone, a key component in the production of various coatings and paints, is essential for maintaining the aesthetic appeal and durability of numerous products. With its unique chemical composition, lithopone offers excellent hiding power, whiteness, and resistance to weathering, making it a popular choice among manufacturers. On the other hand, Lithopone B301 is a lower-grade pigment with a lower zinc sulfide content compared to B311. While B301 may not offer the same level of performance as B311, it is still a cost-effective option for applications where high opacity is not a priority
Manufacturer Direct Sales Barium Sulfate